Ciprofloxacin dosage formThe tablets. Ciprofloxacin composition1 tablet Ciprofloxacin contains: Active ingredient: Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride - 250 mg. Inactive ingredients: corn starch, magnesium stearate, sodium karboksimetitsellyulozy (karmelazy) Pharmacological properties of CiprofloxacinPharmacodynamicsAntimicrobial broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. Bactericidal effect. The drug inhibits the enzyme DNA-gyrase of bacteria, resulting in disrupted DNA replication and synthesis of cellular proteins of bacteria. Ciprofloxacin acts as a reproducing organisms, and on being in the resting phase. For ciprofloxacin susceptible gram-negative aerobic bacteria: enterobacteria (E.coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Edwardsiella tarda, Enterobacter, spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Hafnia alvei, Providencia spp., Morganella morganii, Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp.), other Gram-negative bacteria (Haemophilus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Campilobacterjeiuni, Neisseria, spp.); some intracellular pathogens: Legionella pneumophila, Brucella spp., Chlamydia. trachomatis, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. To ciprofloxacin and susceptible Gram-positive aerobic bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (S.aureus, S.haemoliticus, S.hominis, S.saprophyticus), Streptococcus spp. (St. pyogenes, St.agalactiae). The majority of staphylococci resistant to methicillin resistant to ciprofloxacin. Sensitivity of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis moderate. For drug resistant Corinebacterium spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium dificile, Nocardia asteroids. The action of the drug against Treponema pallidum has been insufficiently studied. PharmacokineticsWith oral ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability of 50-85%. The maximum drug concentration in the serum of healthy volunteers after oral administration (before meals), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg dose achieved after 1-1.5 hours and is 0.76, 1.6, 2.5 and 3.4 ug / ml, respectively . Orally accepted ciprofloxacin distributed in tissues and body fluids. High concentrations of the drug observed in the bile, lung, kidney, liver, gall bladder, uterus, seminal fluid, prostate tissue, tonsils, endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The concentration of drug in these tissues than in serum. Ciprofloxacin is also well into the bone, eye fluid, bronchial secretion, saliva, skin, muscle, pleura, peritoneum, lymph. Accruing to the concentration of ciprofloxacin in the neutrophils of blood in the 2-7 times higher than in serum. The volume of distribution in the body is 2-3.5 L / kg. In the drug penetrates the cerebrospinal fluid in small amounts, where its concentration is 6-10% of that of serum. The degree of binding of ciprofloxacin to plasma proteins is 30%. In patients with intact renal function, elimination half-life is usually 3-5 hours. If the kidney function the half-life is increased. The main mode of excretion of ciprofloxacin from the body - the kidneys. A urine output of 50-70%. From 15 to 30% is excreted in the feces. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 20 ml/min/1, 73 m2) should be administered half the daily dose. Indications for use
ContraindicationsCautionsPatients with epilepsy, seizures seizures in history, vascular disease and organic brain damage due to the threat of adverse reactions of the CNS ciprofloxacin should be used only for emergencies. If you experience during or after treatment with ciprofloxacin severe and prolonged diarrhea should exclude the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis, which requires immediate discontinuation of the drug and use of appropriate treatment. If you experience pain in the tendon or at the first signs of tenosynovitis treatment should be stopped due to the fact that the described individual cases of inflammation and even tendon rupture during treatment with fluoroquinolones. During treatment with ciprofloxacin is necessary to provide adequate amounts of fluids subject to normal urine output. During treatment with ciprofloxacin should avoid contact with direct sunlight. |